For the virtual power plants containing energy storage power stations and photovoltaic and wind power, the output of PV and wind power is uncertain and virtual power plants must consider this uncertainty when they participate in the auction in the electricity market.In this context, this paper studies the bidding strategy of the virtual power plant
In this paper, an optimal PID controller is introduced for an antagonistic variable stiffness actuator (AVSA) based on Hammerstein models.A set of Hammerstein models is developed for the AVSA using the voltage difference method.For each stiffness level, linear and nonlinear Top Coat Hammerstein models are identified using the least squares method.E
Salinity is detrimental to soil health, plant growth, and crop productivity.Understanding salt tolerance mechanisms offers the potential to introduce superior crops, especially in coastal regions.Root system architecture (RSA) plasticity is vital for plant salt stress adaptation.Tall fescue is a promising forage grass in saline regions with scarce
Miao silver, generally referred to as the unique silver ornaments manufactured by the Miao ethnicity with over 400 years of history, was listed as a Chinese national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.Through primary research methods, including local investigation, interviews, and workshops at Maliao Village in Guizhou, this study found that size